BIOS and CMOS

The ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) proposal transitioned the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model into a simplified four-layer TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model. This move was primarily to streamline the complexity of the OSI model for practical implementation and to align with the prevailing network protocols of the time.

Servers:

Definition: A server is a computer system or software application that provides services, resources, or data to other computers, known as clients, over a network.

Key Characteristics:

• Service Providers: Servers offer various services such as web hosting, email, file storage, database management, etc.
• Resource Management: They manage network resources and handle multiple client requests simultaneously.
• High Availability: Typically designed to be reliable and available 24/7

            example: Web Server ,Mail server.

Clients:

Definition: A client is a computer system or software application that requests and uses the services provided by a server.

Key Characteristics:

• Service Consumers: Clients initiate requests to servers to access resources or services.
• User Interaction: Often interfaces directly with users, enabling them to interact with the server's services.
• Dependent on Servers: Relies on servers to fulfill requests and provide resources

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a standard that extends the format of email to support text in character sets other than ASCII, as well as attachments of audio, video, images, and application programs

The development of MIME began in the late 1980s and early 1990s to address the limitations of the existing email standards, which primarily supported only plain ASCII text.