Input: Computers receive data and instructions from input devices such as keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones. This input is converted into a digital format that the computer can process.
Processing: The CPU processes the input data by performing calculations and executing instructions. This involves fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, executing the commands, and then storing the results.
Storage: Data and instructions are stored in various forms of memory. Temporary data is stored in RAM, while permanent data is stored in hard drives (HDD) or solid-state drives (SSD). Computers also use cache memory for faster access to frequently used data.
Output: The results of processing are sent to output devices like monitors, printers, speakers, and other peripherals. This allows users to see, hear, or otherwise perceive the information produced by the computer.
Control: The control unit within the CPU manages and coordinates all activities of the computer by directing the operation of the other units, ensuring that the input is processed correctly and the output is generated as expected.
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